Types of Loads on Structure

Types of Loads on Structure: Types of Loads on Structure can be classified as into many categories depending on nature of load. Before discussing Types of Loads on Structure we will understand what is load?

What is Load?

A specific weight or source of weight or pressure bear by any structure or thing is called load.

In terms of Civil Engineering load can be defined as pressure imposed on a structure.

Now we will learn Types of Loads on Structure.

Types of Loads on Structure can be classified into two category .

Horizontal Load

2.      Vertical Load

Horizontal Load includes wind load and earthquake load.

Vertical Load includes Dead Load, Live Load and Impact Load.

Types of Loads on Structure

1. Wind load

Wind Load is the type of horizontal load which is caused by natural phenomena. Structural engineer consider wind load when height of structure is more than two times of the breadth.

When our structure is up to five floors we doesn’t consider wind load because our column and wall connections can easily accommodate the upcoming load to the foundation.

When we consider wind load for any structure we have to consider two things- velocity of wind of that area and size of structure.

2. Earthquake Load

Earthquake Load exerts pressure vertical and horizontal in both directions. Earthquake load create vibration which is resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions and two in horizontal direction.

While considering earthquake load we only consider horizontal moment of building.

3. Dead Load

While designing a structure firstly we consider dead load. Dead load is the permanent load which is transfer to the structure for whole life. Dead load is the load of material of structure or self-weight of structure. Dead load mainly consist weight of slab, beam, walls and column.

4. Live Load

After dead load consideration we consider live load for the design of structure. Live load is also called imposed load of the structure. Imposed load is movable load. It includes load of things like furniture and other movable things.

Imposed load is not constant load it may vary time to time. Live load is one of major consideration for designer.

In below table we have provided some minimum values for the live load design.

5.Impact Load

When an object suddenly falls on the slab or other part of structure it exerts the double load of the self-weight of that object. So we have to consider this impact load in design is structure. Impact load based on the concept of kinetic energy is used along with strain energy. Impact load is also called sudden load. For sudden load we consider double magnitude of load.

6. Other minor Load

 1. Foundation movement

2. Soil and fluid pressure

3. Fatigue

4. Erection loads

5. Stress concentration effect due to point load

Conclusion

While designing any structure it is very important to consider all type of load and it also important to understand that which Types of Loads on Structure is to be consider as per structure type.

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